Mamos, TomaszUit de Weerd, Dennisvon Oheimb, Parm ViktorSulikowska-Drozd, Anna2021-03-082021-03-082020-12-282021-03-08Tomasz Mamos, Dennis Uit de Weerd, Parm Viktor von Oheimb, Anna Sulikowska-Drozd, Evolution of reproductive strategies in the species-rich land snail subfamily Phaedusinae (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 158, 2021, 107060, ISSN 1055-7903, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107060.1055-7903https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107060http://hdl.handle.net/10141/622902Most of the present knowledge on animal reproductive mode evolution, and possible factors driving transitions between oviparity and viviparity is based on studies on vertebrates. The species rich door snail (Clausiliidae) subfamily Phaedusinae represents a suitable and unique model for further examining parity evolution, as three different strategies, oviparity, viviparity, and the intermediate mode of embryo-retention, occur in this group. The present study reconstructs the evolution of reproductive strategies in Phaedusinae based on time-calibrated molecular phylogenetics, reproductive mode examinations and ancestral state reconstruction. Our phylogenetic analysis employing multiple mitochondrial and nuclear markers identified a well-supported clade (including the tribes Phaedusini and Serrulinini) that contains species exhibiting various reproductive strategies. This clade evolved from an oviparous most recent common ancestor according to our reconstruction. All non-oviparous taxa are confined to a highly supported subclade, coinciding with the tribe Phaedusini. Both oviparity and viviparity occur frequently in different lineages of this subclade that are not closely related. During Phaedusini diversification, multiple transitions in reproductive strategy must have taken place, which could have been promoted by a high fitness of embryo-retaining species. The evolutionary success of this group might result from the maintenance of various strategies.enopenAccessAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Journal ArticleMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution158107060OviparityEmbryo-retentionRepeated evolutionmolecular phylogeneticsGastropodaViviparity